Feedstocks, conversion technologies, economics, and policy options congressional research service summary in the energy independence and security act of 2007 p. In january 2009, the first cellulosic ethanol plant in the united states began production. Onepot production of cellulosic ethanol via tandem. Lignocellulosic biomass can be generally categorized as virgin biomass from naturally occurring plants, waste biomass from industrial and agricultural byproducts, and energy crops that are grown specifically for cellulosic ethanol production. Valueadded coproducts from the production of cellulosic ethanol. Organism design for optimal cellulosic biofuel, chemical, and ethanol production. Global climate change, dependence on foreign countries, and increased political instability around the world are only a few reasons why. Since the production of cellulosic ethanol requires all of the elements of corn ethanol production except converting cellulose to suger instead of starch to sugar it must require about the same energy not.
The united states is looking to wean itself off of fossil fuels, especially petroleum used in gasoline. Abstractthe production of bioethanol from corn is a mature technology that is not likely to see significant reduction in the production costs. Cellulosic ethanol market size is anticipated to significantly grow during the forecast timeframe. Combining enzymatic conversion of cellulose and hemicellulose polymer with. Oct 22, 2016 ethanol production and product recovery from starchy materials slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. The sugars in these feedstocks are easy to extract and ferment, making largescale ethanol production affordable. Biofuels manufactured from plantbased biomass represent renewable energy resources. Brazil has 365 sugarethanol producing units from which 240. This is a promising scenario as for each 10 million tonnes of dry biomass it is possible to produce 600 million gallons. Ethanol in blend with gasoline increases octane and provides. Department of agriculture eastern regional research center agricultural research service kelly ibsen and robert wooley. It converts both cellulose and the hemicellulosic portion of feedstocks. In the future the agroindustrial banana pseudostem waste, which is a waste byproduct of the agricultural industry can be used as a good raw material for ethanol production and also solve the problem of safe disposal of the byproduct. Cellulosic ethanol cost target us department of energy.
More recently, however, the us doe has determined that enzymatic processing is no longer an obstacle to commercialization of ethanol from cellulose. Corleti d a department of botany, university of athens, faculty of biology, gr 157 84, athens, greece b department of ecology and systematics, university of athens. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. The ability to produce ethanol from lowcost biomass will be key. All references that i have found claim that production of cellulosic ethanol is far more energy efficient than production of corn ethanol. Lignocellulosic biomass is recalcitrant to degradation, and pretreatment is needed, but more efficient pretreatment technologies should be developed. Ethanol production from various sugars and cellulosic biomass. Reduction of ethanol production costs eurounit ethanol ethanol production from lignocellulose differs significantly from the sugar juice cane or beet based product processes but not as. Bioethanol production from renewable raw materials and its. It is a biofuel produced from grasses, wood, algae, or other plants. Production of ethanol fuel from organic and food waste has been carried out with the singular aim of converting the waste to useful material.
Ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass bioenergy consult. Cellulose is attractive as a raw material because it is abundant and renewable. Pdf ethanol production from cellulosic biomass by encapsulated. Cellulosic ethanol also faces the same market and regulatory challenges to overtake a share of the fuel market that is. Production of fuel ethanol from biomass seems to be an. Thus, in the conversion of biomass feedstocks to ethanol, it can merge the steps of cellulosic ethanol production after pretreatment into a single step see figure 4. Recent developments of key technologies on cellulosic. Pdf in ethanol production from cellulose, enzymatic hydrolysis, and fermentative conversion may be performed sequentially separate. Conventional ethanol production utilizes a fermentation process to convert starches or simple sugars to ethanol. Thermochemical conversion has drawbacks, too, including expensive catalysts and tar buildup that has to be cleaned. Enzymatic production of ethanol from cellulose using. Cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin and ash content of some organic materials and their suitability for use as paper pulp supplements c.
It is also made from cellulosic feedstocks, such as crop residues and woodthough this is not as common. Cellulosic ethanol commercialization is the process of building an industry out of methods of turning cellulosecontaining organic matter into cellulosic ethanol for use as a biofuel. Bpr3oola using fructose medium supplemented with 0. Recalcitrance of cellulose to enzyme hydrolysis con tinues to be a. Recent developments of key technologies on cellulosic ethanol production jinsuk lee 1, binod parameswaran 2, joonpyo lee 1 and soonchul park 1 1 bioenergy center, korea institute of energy research, 712 jangdong yuseongku daejeon 305343 republic of korea. Starch molecules are made up of long chains of glucose molecules. The thermochemical method converts lignin and gets the most ethanol from wood or any plant source. The production of ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass can be achieved through two different processing routes. While sugar substances were the feedstock for more than 60% of fuel ethanol production at the beginning of the 2000s, its share decreased to 47% by 2006, when grains accounted for 53% of the production licht 2006.
Currently, some countries in locations with higher ethanol and fuel prices, are producing ethanol from cellulosic feedstocks. Cellulose particles with at least one dimension in the nanoscale 1100 nm are referred to as nanocellulose 435437. Converting cellulosic biomass to ethanol pdf glbrc. This paper deals with recent trends in the bioethanol production as a fuel from. Cellulosic ethanol also faces the same market and regulatory challenges to overtake a share of the fuel market that is faced by other types of ethanol. Chapter 3 provides an overview of the ethanol process where several steps of ethanol production from raw materials are described, and diluteacid hydrolysis of orange peel and process. Saa16 at low temperature retains hemicellulose in solids by minimizing interaction with hemicellulose during treatment, which was reported as a feasible approach to. The bioreactor utilizes an organism design process for the creation of microbes that consume a variety of feedstocks, including c5 and c6 sugars and glycerol, to efficiently produce cellulosic fuels, cellulosic chemicals, and. Cellulose is an important structural material for plants, and it is made up of many. Production of cellulosic ethanol from wood sawdust unpublished bachelor project work. Using this organism, the cellulase was reduced to 5 fpug cellulose during lactate production 35, 40. Companies, such as diversa, novozymes, and dyadic, are producing enzymes that could.
Ethanol production from cellulosic biomass by encapsulated. Ethanol production from various sugars and cellulosic. Valueadded coproducts from the production of cellulosic. Cellulosic biofuel, chemical, and ethanol production. It was found that the mycelia of white rot fungus lenzites betulinus ium 5468 produced ethanol from various sugars, including glucose, mannose, galactose, and cellobiose with a yield of 0. Ethanol producer magazine the latest news and data about. Biomass hydrolysis saccharification can be done simultaneously to the ethanol fermentation the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation ssf process using conventional yeast and bacteria strains or genetically modified organisms. Experiment was designed for ethanol production using corn and other organic waste material containing starch contents and cellulosic material while barely used for diastase and acidic digestion methods. Department of energy october 2000 l nreltp58028893 andrew mcaloon, frank taylor, and winnie yee u. Ethanol from cellulose seminar report, ppt, pdf for. Examples of starchy materials commonly used around the world for ethanol production include cereal grains, potato, sweet potato, and cassava. Determining the cost of producing ethanol from corn starch. The fibrous parts of the plants are mostly inedible to animals, including humans, except for ruminants grazing, cudchewing animals such as cows or sheep.
The biggest benefit of making ethanol from cellulose is the inexhaustibility and convenience of cellulosic biomass. Its more available than corn or any other source of ethanol, or for that matter, any existing source of fuel. Department of agriculture eastern regional research center agricultural research. Explore ethanol from cellulose with free download of seminar report and ppt in pdf and doc format. This is an important feature that can be used to advantage in manipulating the conversion to maximize the production of ethanol. Sugarcane bagasse, cellulosestarchsugar waste, high solids loading, fed batch, bioethanol. Cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin and ash content of some. Corn ethanol meets the renewable fuel category of the renewable fuel standard rfs, which is limited to 15 billion gallons. Ethanol has a potential market as big as the oil market. Therefore, ethanol from cellulose based biomass has been attracting interest because using nonedible biomass as a feedstock to produce ethanol minimizes competition with the food industry. Almost every stem, leaf and tree trunk in the world qualifies, from farm wastes to grass clippings and recycled newspaper source.
Cellulosic ethanol represents an important sustainable alternative to support the global demand for renewable liquid transportation fuels. Domestic production and use of ethanol for fuel can decrease dependence on foreign oil, reduce trade deficits, create jobs in rural areas, reduce air. Conditions for ethanol production during bioconversion of. Also explore the seminar topics paper on ethanol from cellulose with abstract or synopsis, documentation on advantages and disadvantages, base paper presentation slides for ieee final year chemical engineering chem or ieee chemical btech, be, mtech students for the year 2015 2016. Recent developments of key technologies on cellulosic ethanol production 867 straw with shorter pretreatment time compared with alkalialone. Lignocellulosic biomass containing 5070% fermentable carbohydrates in the form of cellulose and hemicellulose, is an attractive feedstock for the production of cellulosic ethanol, due to its abundant availability, low cost and possible environmental. Availability of feedstock and rising clean fuel demand, along with government initiatives support biofuels may act as major driving factors towards industry growth. Apr 26, 2016 conventional ethanol production utilizes a fermentation process to convert starches or simple sugars to ethanol.
The cost for producing ethanol from plant material is more expensive than ethanol produced from corn. Producing ethanol from cellulosic material protocol. In september 2012 novozyme announced it was considering marketing a c5 yeast strain developed by terranol, denmark for use in advanced biofuel production for. Substantial cost reductions may be possible if cellulose based agricultural wastes such as corn cobs are used instead of corn. Cellulose is an important structural material for plants, and it. Department of energy andrew mcaloon, frank taylor, and winnie yee u. Instead of taking the grain from wheat and grinding that down to get starch and gluten, then taking the starch, cellulosic ethanol production involves the use of the whole crop. How ethanol is made from cellulosic biomass1 edis university. Biochemical in which enzymes and other microorganisms are used to convert cellulose and hemicellulose components of the feedstocks to sugars prior to their fermentation to produce ethanol. Value chain structures that define european cellulosic ethanol. Enhanced cogeneration of cellulosic ethanol and methane with the. Similar benefits would be expected for ethanol production after further metabolic engineering, and for other biocatalysts that can function under these conditions. Valueadded coproducts from the production of cellulosic ethanol janet patton, research assistant, cgrec cellulose is a major constituent of plants and soon may become an important component in our mix of energy sources.
This has led to a shortage in food, inbalance in food chain, increased food price and indirect land use. Published by bbi international media, ethanol producer magazine is the source for in. Farmers also can grow energy crops for cellulosic biomass, including switchgrass, and some trees. How ethanol is made from cellulosic biomass 4 with unreacted cellulose, hemicellulose, ash, enzymes, and remaining microorganisms, end up in the bottom of the distillation column during the bioethanol process. Recent developments of key technologies on cellulosic ethanol. Companies, such as iogen, poet, dupont, and abengoa, are building refineries that can process biomass and turn it into bioethanol. To achieve this, the conversion of organic waste old newspapers and food waste maize were respectively carried out via acid and microbial hydrolysis, which yielded 42% and 63% fermentable sugar wort. Ethanol may be used as an octane enhancert as a fuel extender when blended with unleaded gasolinet or as a neat fuel. The use of ethanol as an alternative motor fuel has been steadily increasing around the world for a number of reasons. Cellulosic ethanol can be produced from a diverse array of feedstocks, such as wood pulp from trees or any plant matter. Cellulosic ethanol production progress, challenges and. The effect of temperature, yeast, barely diastase and various dilutions of acid sulfuric acids were investigated on ethanol production. Production of ethanol from sugar and corn feedstocks is often viewed as competing with food production and increasing prices of food and fuel.
Biological engineering and the emerging cellulose ethanol industry. This thesis thus explores using another feed for the production of ethanol hence ethanol from cellulose. Clariant sunliquid cellulosic ethanol demo, straubing and fp7 sunliquid project to develop a largescale demonstration plant. Cellulosic ethanol is ethanol ethyl alcohol produced from cellulose the stringy fiber of a plant rather than from the plants seeds or fruit.
Published by bbi international media, ethanol producer magazine is the source for in depth ethanol industry news. The production of ethanol from corn is a mature technology that is not likely to see significant reductions in production costs. Because large amounts of energy are hidden in carbon polymers made by plants, notably carbohydrates, it is obvious that if technologies are developed to produce liquid fuels such as ethanol from carbohydrate polymers such as cellulose, men could significantly increase energy sustainability. Thus, starchy materials can also be fermented after breaking starch molecules into simple glucose molecules. Theyre called energy crops because they grow densely in a small area and dont need much else. Cellulosic ethanol is produced from lignocellulosic biomass, which is primarily composed of cellulose and lignin found in dry plant matter. Determining the cost of producing ethanol from corn starch and lignocellulosic feedstocks a joint study sponsored by. Total production costs for many of these revolutionary projects remain higher than the cost of petroleum based fuels on both a volumetric and energycontent basis. Making cellulosic ethanol thermochemically poses benefits. Glucose, mannose, galactose, xylose, arabinose, and cellobiose were used for ethanol production tests. Domestic production and use of ethanol for fuel can decrease dependence on foreign oil. Pdf production of cellulosic ethanol from wood sawdust. When done wisely, cellulosic ethanol production can get rid of waste and make fuel. Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of corn.
Cellulose can be converted to different micro and nanostructures with a variety of physical properties, depending on the origin of cellulose and production method. In times of fuel shortages, fermentation ethanol has been commercially manufactured in the us from cellulosic biomass feedstocks using acid hydrolysis techniques. Cellulosic ethanol is made from biomass, including wood, grasses, agricultural residues, and municipal solid waste. Today, researchers believe that it will be 10 years before the u. This fungus relatively exhibited a good ethanol production from xylose at 0. In recent years, clariant formerly sudchemie, a global leader in the field of specialty chemicals headquartered in switzerland, has been developing the sunliquid process for the production of cellulosic ethanol from agricultural residues, which is ready to.
Cellulosic ethanol market size industry potential outlook 2026. Badger introduction the use of ethanol as an alternative motor fuel has been steadily increasing around the world for a number of reasons. Production of cellulosic ethanol ce has not yet reached the scale envisaged by the literature. Ethanol in blend with gasoline increases octane and provides oxygen to promote more complete combustion. The production of ethanol from food such as corn, cassava etc. A number of companies are developing enzymes for cellulose hydrolysis including novozyme, denmark, which produces cellulase and hemicellulase. While great progress has been made in engineering microbes for biofuel production, the economically viable production of cellulosic ethanol remains a great challenge because of the recalcitrance of lignocellulose. Ethanol is a domestically produced alternative fuel most commonly made from corn.